This study evaluated the efficiency of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane bioreactor in treating wastewater. The performance of the bioreactor was evaluated based on various parameters, including performance of pollutants, nitrification, and membrane degradation. The results demonstrated that the PVDF hollow fiber membrane bior

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology represents a significant advancement in wastewater treatment. These plants combine conventional activated sludge processes with membrane separation, resulting in exceptional water quality. Recent progresses in MBR technology focus on enhancing effectiveness, reducing energy usage, and reducing fouling. Applicati